Urology

Basic Sciences

• Anatomy of the urinary tract
  • Male
  • Female
• Micturition
• Kidney physiology
  • Water homeostasis

Core clinical Problems/Presenting Complaint

• Haematuria
• Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
• Dysuria
• Oliguria/Anuria
• Polyuria
• Nocturia/nocturnal polyuria
• Urinary Incontinence
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Scrotal Swelling/Scrotal Pain (and the acute scrotum)
• Urethral Discharge (men)
• Flank/Loin Pain
• Proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome
• Oedema
• Hypertension
• Abdominal pain (and Chronic pelvic pain)

Clinical skills

• Examination of the male genitalia
• Examination of the female genitalia
• Urinary Catheter insertion

Conditions

• Bladder outlet obstruction
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia and obstruction
  • Acute urinary retention
  • Chronic urinary retention
  • Urethral strictures and stenosis
• Incontinence and prolapse
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Vesicovaginal fistula
  • Pelvic organ prolapse
• Infection
  • Urinary tract infection (including recurrent infection)
  • Acute pyelonephritis (and urosepsis)
  • Pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess
  • Chronic pyelonephritis
  • Epididymitis and orchitis
  • Prostatitis
  • Bladder pain syndrome
  • Parasitic infections
• Phimosis and paraphimosis
• Neoplasia
  • Wilm’s tumour and neuroblastoma
  • Benign renal masses
  • Renal cell cancer
  • Upper urinary tract
    • Transitional cell carcinoma
  • Bladder cancer
  • Prostate cancer
  • Urethral cancer
  • Penile cancer
  • Scrotal and paratesticular cancer
  • Testicular cancer
    • Germ cell tumours (including intratubular germ cell cancer)
    • Seminoma
    • Lymphoma
• Stones
  • Kidney
  • Ureteric
  • Bladder
• Hydronephrosis
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Trauma
  • Kidney, ureter and bladder
  • Testicular
  • Penis
• Infertility
  • Male infertility
  • Varicocele
• Sexual health
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Peyronie’s disease
  • Priapism
  • Retrograde ejaculation
  • Premature Ejaculation
  • Late-onset hypogonadism
  • Hypogonadism and male hormone replacement
  • Urethritis
    • Gonorrhoea
    • Chlamydia
    • Non-specific urethritis and urethral syndrome
• Other
  • Neuropathic bladder
  • Simple and complex renal cysts
  • Calyceal diverticulum
  • Medullary sponge kidney
  • Polycystic kidney disease (Autosomal recessive and dominant types)
  • Vesicoureteric reflux
  • Pelviureteric junction obstruction
  • Horseshoe kidney
  • Ectopic kidney
  • Renal Agenesis
  • Renal Malrotation

See also Paediatrics

Management

• Trans-urethral resection of prostate
  • Post prostatectomy problems (incontinence)
• Prostate cancer screening
• Drugs
  • Alpha Blockers

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