Endocrinology

Basic Science

• Thyroid Anatomy
• Thyroid physiology and hormone action
• Pituitary Anatomy
• Anterior Pituitary Physiology
• Posterior Pituitary Physiology
• Adrenal gland Anatomy
• Adrenal gland Physiology
  • Mineralocorticoid hormones
  • Adrenocorticoid hormones
• Parathyroid anatomy
• Calcium homeostasis
• Reproductive hormonal physiology
  • Male
  • Female
• Normal Growth/Development
• Normal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
• Glucose homeostasis

Core Clinical Problems/Presenting Problems

• Lethargy/Fatigue
• Weight Gain
• Weight Loss
• Polyuria/Polydipsia
• Heat intolerance
• Palpitations
• Headache
• Muscle Weakness
• Coarsening of features
• Neck Lump
• Infertility
• Amenorrhoea
• Hypogonadism
• Gynaecomastia
• Menorrhagia
• Menopause
• Hirsutism
• Short stature
• Precocious puberty
• Delayed Puberty
• Hypercalcaemia
• Hypocalcaemia

Clinical Skills

• Examination of the neck and thyroid gland
• Interpreting Thyroid Function Tests
• Diabetic Foot Exam

Conditions

• Thyroid
  • Hyperthyroid/Thyrotoxicosis (including Toxic adenoma; Toxic Multinodular Goitre and TSH-secreting tumour)
    • Graves (toxic diffuse goitre)
    • Transient (subacute) Thyroiditis
    • Thyroid crisis
  • Hypothyroid (including Hashimoto’s and Atrophic thyroiditis)
    • Postpartum hypothyroidism
    • Subacute thyroiditis
    • Drug induced hypothyroidism
    • Iatrogenic
    • Iodine deficiency
    • Central hypothyroidism
  • Thyroid cancer (including solitary toxic nodule)
• Bone endocrinology
  • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
  • Familial Hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (see hypercalcaemia)
  • Other causes of (secondary) hyperparathyroidism
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Hypocalcaemia
    • Hypoparathyroidism
    • Rickets, osteomalacia and hypophosphataemia
    • Vitamin D Deficiency
  • Hypophosphataemia
  • Hypomagnesaemia
  • Osteoporosis
  • Paget’s Disease

• Adrenal
  • Cushing’s syndrome and disease
  • Hypoadrenalism/Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s)
  • Conn’s disease and Aldosterone producing carcinoma
  • Primary Hyperaldosteronism
  • Phaeochromocytoma (and paraganglioma)
  • Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia
  • Glucocorticoid remedial aldosteronism
  • Mineralocorticoid insufficiency
  • Autoimmune adrenalitis
  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (enzyme deficiencies)
  • Incidentaloma/Adrenal masses
  • Adrenal crisis
• Pancreas and GI tract
  • Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia
  • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Type I
    • Type II
    • Diabetic eye disease
    • Diabetic nephropathy
    • Diabetic neuropathy
    • Diabetic foot
    • Diabetic ketoacidosis
    • Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state/syndrome
    • Hypoglycaemia
    • Insulin treatment
    • Gestational Diabetes
  • GI/pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
    • Insulinoma
    • Gastrinoma
    • Glucagonoma
    • Somatostatinoma
    • VIPoma
• Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
  • Hypopituitarism
  • Pituitary tumours
    • Non-functioning
    • Prolactinoma (and Hyperprolactinaemia)
    • Acromegaly and GH tumour
    • Cushing’s disease
    • Gonadotropinomas and Thyrotroptinomas
  • Craniopharyngioma
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
  • Sheehan’s syndrome
  • Kallman’s syndrome and Idiopathic Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
  • Complications of radiotherapy
• Disorders of multiple glands
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia
  • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
• Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome
  • Androgen secreting tumours and androgen excess
  • Primary ovarian insufficiency
  • Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
  • Male hypogonadism (Primary and secondary hypogonadism)
  • Testicular tumours
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Infertility
    • Male
    • Female
  • Androgen Insensitivity syndrome
  • Ovotesticular Disorder of sexual development
• Congenital Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Turner’s
  • Klinefelter’s
• Other
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypernatraemia

Drugs/Management

• Steroids
• Insulin regimes
• Fluid Replacement

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