Ear, Nose and Throat

Basic Science

• Anatomy and Physiology
  • Ear
  • Hearing
  • Nose
  • Smell
  • Taste
  • Mouth/tonsils/adenoids
  • Skull base
  • Salivary glands
  • Larynx/Pharynx
  • Swallowing
  • Oesophagus
  • Neck

Clinical Skills

• History (see clinical presentations)
• Examination
  • Ear
  • Nose
  • Throat
  • Neck
  • Thyroid
• Pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and other auditory testing (Otoacoustic emissions; brainstem response; ENG and calorics)
• Newborn hearing test

Core clinical problems/Presenting complaints

• Earache and referred ear pain
• Deafness/hearing loss
• Dizziness
• Tinnitus
• Discharging ear
• Nasal stuffiness/blockage and discharge
• Epistaxis/Nose bleed
• Facial pain
• Facial nerve palsy/facial weakness
• Hoarse voice
• Dysphagia and lump in the throat
• Stridor
• Neck lumps

Conditions

• Ear
  • External ear
    • Otitis externa
    • Infection and trauma to the pinna
    • Malignancy of the pinna/external auditory canal
    • Foreign body
  • Middle ear
    • Acute otitis media
    • Otitis Media with Effusion
    • Chronic suppurative otitis media
    • Otosclerosis
    • Cholesteatoma
  • Inner ear
    • Hearing loss
      • Presbyacusis
      • Noise induced hearing loss
      • Idiopathic sudden hearing loss
      • Autoimmune ear disease
      • Ototoxicity
      • Hereditary and syndromic hearing loss/deafness
    • Labyrinthitis (Vestibular neuronitis)
    • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
    • Meniere’s disease
    • Vascular causes of inner ear problems
• Skull Base
  • Temporal bone fractures and other skull base fractures
  • Acoustic neuroma
  • Nasopharyngeal cancer
  • Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
  • Sinonasal malignancy
• Nose
  • Rhinitis
    • Allergic
    • Vasovagal and other non-allergic
    • Infective
  • Sinusitis
    • Acute
    • Recurrent and chronic
  • Nasal polyps
  • Septal deviation and perforation
  • Nasal injury and Epistaxis
  • Granulomatous disease
  • Foreign Body
• Mouth/tonsils
  • Benign oral ulcers
  • Malignant oral lesions
  • White patch (leukoplakia)
  • Tonsillitis and Quinsy
  • Glandular fever
  • Tonsillectomy
  • Tonsillar tumours
  • Adenoidal enlargement
• Salivary glands
  • Tumours of the salivary gland
  • Sialadenitis
  • Sialolithiasis
  • Pseudosalivary swellings
• Larynx
  • Congenital lesions/malformations
  • Laryngitis
  • Benign lesions (nodules and polyps)
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Pharyngeal cancer
  • Rinke’s Oedema
  • Vocal cord paralysis
  • Sleep apnoea
  • Tracheostomy and emergency airways/cricothyroidotomy
• Oesophagus
  • Globus
  • Chronic cough
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia
  • Postcricoid web
  • Achalasia and other function disorders
  • Pharyngeal pouch
  • Oesophageal tumours and cancer
• Neck/Face
  • Neck lumps
  • Facial Palsy/Bell’s Palsy
  • Branchial cysts